Which factor is protective against ovarian cancer?

• A. Breastfeeding
• B. Smoking
• C. Obesity
• D. Alcohol use

Answer: (A)

Breastfeeding protects against ovarian cancer by reducing the total number of ovulations a woman experiences. Each ovulation involves rupture and repair of the ovarian surface, which over many years can contribute to DNA damage and cancer risk. By suppressing ovulation, lactation lowers the cumulative ovulatory burden, and longer periods of breastfeeding lead to greater risk reduction. The other factors listed do not provide this protective effect; smoking is not protective and can increase cancer risk in some contexts, while obesity and alcohol use are not known to reduce ovarian cancer risk.